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There is a wealth of evidence that cannabis use among teenagers is detrimental to their academic performance and long-term prospects. Research has shown that students who use cannabis are more likely to miss school and receive lower grades, with a negative impact on their chances of completing high school and progressing to college. With the legalisation of recreational cannabis in many US states, there are concerns that teen usage will increase, and schools are faced with the challenge of addressing the issue. While schools may not face direct consequences for student cannabis use outside of school grounds, it remains a significant public health concern.

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Cannabis use is linked to lower grades and more absences in high school students

Cannabis use has been linked to lower grades and higher rates of absence among high school students. A study published in the Journal of Pediatrics found that students who used both tobacco and cannabis had lower grades and missed more school than students who did not use either substance or only used one of the two. The study analyzed data from the 2021-22 California Healthy Kids Survey, with responses from 287,653 high school students in ninth and eleventh grade. It is important to note that the survey may not be representative of all high school students in California, as it did not include students who were absent on the day of the survey, and the data is based on self-reported responses.

Another study, led by Li Wang of McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, analyzed data from 63 studies involving almost 440,000 youths. This study found that cannabis use during adolescence is associated with lower school grades, a decreased likelihood of high school completion, university enrollment, and post-secondary degree attainment, as well as an increased school dropout rate and absenteeism. The researchers also noted that weed is more potent now than in previous decades, with THC levels rising from 4% in 1995 to 14% by 2019.

The potential negative impact of cannabis use on academic performance is a concern, especially as the legalization of cannabis increases public acceptance and the potential for youth uptake. Cannabis use during adolescence and young adulthood may harm the developing brain, and chronic use has been linked to long-term changes in brain architecture, resulting in impaired information processing and decreased cognitive, memory, and attentive capacity in adulthood. Additionally, cannabis use has been linked to an increased risk of mental health issues, such as depression, social anxiety, temporary psychosis, and long-lasting mental disorders, including schizophrenia.

It is important to note that while there is a link between cannabis use and lower academic performance, the data cannot fully prove causation. Other factors, such as mental health issues or substance use disorders, may also play a role. However, the link between cannabis use and negative educational outcomes highlights the need for comprehensive efforts to prevent and reduce substance use among youth.

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Teen cannabis use may harm brain development and increase the likelihood of not graduating high school

Cannabis is one of the most widely used substances in the United States, with 11.8 million young adults aged 18 to 25 reporting marijuana use in the past year in 2021. In 2022, 30.7% of US high school 12th graders reported using cannabis in the past year, and 6.3% reported daily use. While the number of 12th graders using cannabis remained steady from 2021 to 2022, it had previously seen large increases in 2018 and 2019. In 2022, 6% of eighth graders, 15% of 10th graders, and 21% of 12th graders reported vaping cannabis in the past year.

The teen brain continues to develop until around age 25, and cannabis use during adolescence and young adulthood may harm this developing brain. Research has shown that teens engaging in heavy marijuana use exhibit disadvantages in neurocognitive performance, macrostructural and microstructural brain development, and alterations in brain functioning. Specifically, studies have found poorer white matter integrity in adolescent marijuana users, which is correlated with poorer neurocognitive functioning. Early-onset cannabis users also demonstrate increased activation in the left superior parietal lobe in response to a verbal working memory challenge, indicating increased recruitment of neural resources.

The risk of developing a cannabis use disorder is higher for individuals who start using marijuana during youth or adolescence and who use it frequently. Approximately 3 in 10 people who use cannabis have cannabis use disorder, with signs including trying but failing to quit and giving up important activities to use cannabis. In 2021, 5 million young adults aged 18 to 25 had a marijuana use disorder, but only 28,000 received treatment.

In addition to the potential for addiction, chronic early cannabis use is associated with several adverse effects, including cognitive problems, reduced coordination and reaction time, performance issues at school, a greater likelihood of dropping out of school, poor decision-making, relationship problems, lower life satisfaction, and increased risk of mental health issues such as depression, anxiety, and suicidal thoughts. Compared to teens who do not use cannabis, those who do are more likely to quit high school or not obtain a college degree.

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Schools may not discipline students for cannabis use outside of school grounds

While cannabis use is prevalent among college and university students, with over 58% admitting to using it, schools generally have the right to discipline students for cannabis use, even if it is legal in the state or jurisdiction they are located in. This is because the school's code of conduct, which students agree to follow, often prohibits smoking and cannabis use on campus. However, this does not extend to cannabis use outside of school grounds, unless it is a private school. Public schools are not trying to be the "weed police" on their students outside of school grounds.

In the case of primary and secondary schools, the focus is on discouraging students from smoking and notifying law enforcement authorities if students are found in possession of a controlled substance. There are also regulations in place to ensure the safety of students on school grounds, prohibiting the possession or consumption of any marijuana or marijuana products during school hours or school activities.

It is important to note that while schools may not discipline students for cannabis use outside of school grounds, the substance's legality varies across states and jurisdictions. Federal law takes precedence over state law, and federal penalties for cannabis possession can be severe, including mandatory minimum sentences and fines. Therefore, students and their parents should be aware of the risks associated with cannabis use, including the potential impact on their academic and future prospects.

Additionally, while schools may not directly discipline students for cannabis use outside of school, they can still provide support services to students and their families, including substance abuse prevention and treatment programs, to help students make informed decisions and ensure their well-being.

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Cannabis is one of the most widely used illegal substances among American adolescents. As a result of the growing number of states legalizing marijuana for recreational purposes and the decreasing perception of risk among young people, tracking trends in youth marijuana use is becoming increasingly important.

According to a study by Florida Atlantic University's Schmidt College of Medicine, there has been a significant decrease in the percentage of adolescents who currently use marijuana between 2011 and 2021. The study, which surveyed 88,183 adolescents in grades 9 through 12, revealed that marijuana use was most prevalent among 12th graders (22.4%), followed by 11th graders (18.7%), with lower usage rates in the earlier grades. Overall, there was a notable decline in marijuana use across all grades, with the sharpest drop observed among ninth graders.

Similar findings were reported in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, which estimated the prevalence of current cannabis use among US youth (aged 12-17) from 2013 to 2022. The results showed a significant decrease in both the "ever used marijuana" and "currently use marijuana" categories, with usage dropping to approximately 70% of the levels recorded in 2011. Additionally, the percentage of adolescents who tried marijuana before the age of 13 decreased to about 60% of the 2011 levels.

In California specifically, there is evidence to suggest that cannabis use among youth may be influenced by policy changes. For example, the implementation of medical cannabis laws was associated with an increase in past-month use prevalence among high school students, but it did not lead to a significant increase in adolescent cannabis use in the state. The slow roll-out of cannabis dispensaries in California, with only 631 dispensaries operating statewide as of mid-2019, indicates that the market is still relatively new and the impact on youth cannabis use cannot yet be fully determined.

While the exact reasons for the downward trend in cannabis use among teens in California are not fully understood, it is possible that anti-smoking campaigns and the state's strict regulations on recreational dispensary sales to individuals under 21 have played a role. Additionally, the pandemic may have influenced substance use trends, as teenagers spent less time with their peers and more time under parental supervision during that period.

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Cannabis use is associated with worse academic outcomes for teens, supporting parental warnings

Parental warnings about the adverse effects of cannabis use on academic performance have been around for generations. Recent studies suggest that these warnings may be valid, as there is a correlation between cannabis use and worse academic outcomes in teens.

A 2024 study analyzed data from 63 studies involving approximately 440,000 young people. The study, led by Li Wang of McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, found that cannabis use during adolescence is associated with lower school grades, a decreased likelihood of high school completion, university enrollment, and post-secondary degree attainment. The study also linked cannabis use to an increased school dropout rate and absenteeism. These findings were published in the journal JAMA Pediatrics and support the idea that cannabis use negatively impacts academic outcomes for teenagers.

The researchers also noted that the potency of cannabis has increased over time, with THC levels rising from 4% in 1995 to 14% by 2019. This increase in potency may contribute to the negative effects on academic performance, as higher THC levels can lead to more significant cognitive impairments. Additionally, the study found that the risks associated with cannabis use rose with the frequency of use and the age of initiation. Teens who started using cannabis at or before the age of 16 were more likely to experience negative academic outcomes.

While the study provides valuable insights into the relationship between cannabis use and academic performance, it is important to acknowledge that it does not establish a causal link. There may be other factors, such as mental health issues or predispositions to substance use, that contribute to both cannabis use and poor academic performance. However, the findings still highlight the importance of addressing cannabis use among teenagers to prevent potential negative consequences on their education and future prospects.

In conclusion, the research supports parental warnings about the potential harms of cannabis use during adolescence. It underscores the need for effective interventions to prevent early cannabis exposure and mitigate its negative impact on academic outcomes for teens. Further research is needed to fully understand the causal mechanisms underlying this relationship and to develop comprehensive strategies to address this public health concern.

Frequently asked questions

As long as you don't bring anything to school or post about it on social media, your school is unlikely to find out or do anything about it. However, cannabis use can negatively impact your grades and attendance.

The consequences of smoking weed at school can vary depending on the school's policies and whether it is a public or private school. It is best to refer to your school's specific policies and procedures regarding substance use on school grounds.

Yes, cannabis use during adolescence can have negative long-term effects on academic performance and the likelihood of entering college. It is associated with lower grades, higher absenteeism, and reduced chances of obtaining a high school diploma or enrolling in college.

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